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Amazon AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate (DEA-C01) Sample Questions (Q35-Q40):

NEW QUESTION # 35
A data engineer must build an extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to process and load data from 10 source systems into 10 tables that are in an Amazon Redshift database. All the source systems generate .csv, JSON, or Apache Parquet files every 15 minutes. The source systems all deliver files into one Amazon S3 bucket. The file sizes range from 10 MB to 20 GB. The ETL pipeline must function correctly despite changes to the data schema.
Which data pipeline solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue workflow when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure the AWS Glue workflow to have an on-demand trigger that runs an AWS Glue crawler and then runs an AWS Glue job when the crawler finishes running successfully. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
B. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Glue job every 15 minutes. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
C. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue job when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure the AWS Glue job to read the files from the S3 bucket into an Apache Spark DataFrame. Configure the AWS Glue job to also put smaller partitions of the DataFrame into an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Configure the delivery stream to load data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
D. Configure an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue crawler when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket. Configure an AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.
Create a second Lambda function to run the AWS Glue job. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the second Lambda function when the AWS Glue crawler finishes running successfully.
E. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Glue workflow job every 15 minutes. Configure the AWS Glue workflow to have an on-demand trigger that runs an AWS Glue crawler and then runs an AWS Glue job when the crawler finishes running successfully. Configure the AWS Glue job to process and load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables.

Answer: B,E

Explanation:
Using an Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Glue job or invoke an AWS Glue workflow job every 15 minutes are two possible solutions that will meet the requirements. AWS Glue is a serverless ETL service that can process and load data from various sources to various targets, including Amazon Redshift. AWS Glue can handle different data formats, such as CSV, JSON, and Parquet, and also support schema evolution, meaning it can adapt to changes in the data schema over time. AWS Glue can also leverage Apache Spark to perform distributed processing and transformation of large datasets. AWS Glue integrates with Amazon EventBridge, which is a serverless event bus service that can trigger actions based on rules and schedules. By using an Amazon EventBridge rule, you can invoke an AWS Glue job or workflow every 15 minutes, and configure the job or workflow to run an AWS Glue crawler and then load the data into the Amazon Redshift tables. This way, you can build a cost-effective and scalable ETL pipeline that can handle data from 10 source systems and function correctly despite changes to the data schema.
The other options are not solutions that will meet the requirements. Option C, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue crawler when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, and creating a second Lambda function to run the AWS Glue job, is not a feasible solution, as it would require a lot of Lambda invocations andcoordination. AWS Lambda has some limits on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which can affect the performance and reliability of the ETL pipeline. Option D, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue workflow when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, is not a necessary solution, as you can use an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the AWS Glue workflow directly, without the need for a Lambda function. Option E, configuring an AWS Lambda function to invoke an AWS Glue job when a file is loaded into the S3 bucket, and configuring the AWS Glue job to put smaller partitions of the DataFrame into an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream, is not a cost-effective solution, as it would incur additional costs for Lambda invocations and data delivery. Moreover, using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to load data into Amazon Redshift is not suitable for frequent and small batches of data, as it can cause performance issues and data fragmentation. References:
AWS Glue
Amazon EventBridge
Using AWS Glue to run ETL jobs against non-native JDBC data sources
[AWS Lambda quotas]
[Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose quotas]

NEW QUESTION # 36
A company uses a variety of AWS and third-party data stores. The company wants to consolidate all the data into a central data warehouse to perform analytics. Users need fast response times for analytics queries.
The company uses Amazon QuickSight in direct query mode to visualize the data. Users normally run queries during a few hours each day with unpredictable spikes.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Use Amazon Redshift Serverless to load all the data into Amazon Redshift managed storage (RMS).
B. Use Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters to load all the data into Amazon Redshift managed storage (RMS).
C. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL to load all the data into Aurora.
D. Use Amazon Athena to load all the data into Amazon S3 in Apache Parquet format.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company requires a centralized data warehouse for consolidating data from various sources.
They use Amazon QuickSight in direct query mode, necessitating fast response times for analytical queries.
Users query the data intermittently, with unpredictable spikes during the day.
Operational overhead should be minimal.
Key Considerations:
The solution must support fast, SQL-based analytics.
It must handle unpredictable spikes efficiently.
Must integrate seamlessly with QuickSight for direct querying.
Minimize operational complexity and scaling concerns.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Amazon Redshift Serverless
Redshift Serverless eliminates the need for provisioning and managing clusters.
Automatically scales compute capacity up or down based on query demand.
Reduces operational overhead by handling performance optimization.
Fully integrates with Amazon QuickSight, ensuring low-latency analytics.
Reduces costs as it charges only for usage, making it ideal for workloads with intermittent spikes.
Option B: Amazon Athena with S3 (Apache Parquet)
Athena supports querying data directly from S3 in Parquet format.
While it's cost-effective, performance depends on the size and complexity of the data.
It is not optimized for high-speed analytics needed by QuickSight in direct query mode.
Option C: Amazon Redshift Provisioned Clusters
Requires manual cluster provisioning, scaling, and maintenance.
Higher operational overhead compared to Redshift Serverless.
Option D: Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
Aurora is optimized for transactional databases, not data warehousing or analytics.
Does not meet the requirement for fast analytics queries.
Final Recommendation:
Amazon Redshift Serverless is the best choice for this use case because it provides fast analytics, integrates natively with QuickSight, and minimizes operational complexity while efficiently handling unpredictable spikes.
Reference:
Amazon Redshift Serverless Overview
Amazon QuickSight and Redshift Integration

NEW QUESTION # 37
A company receives a data file from a partner each day in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses a daily AW5 Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to clean and transform each data file. The output of the ETL pipeline is written to a CSV file named Dairy.csv in a second 53 bucket.
Occasionally, the daily data file is empty or is missing values for required fields. When the file is missing data, the company can use the previous day's CSV file.
A data engineer needs to ensure that the previous day's data file is overwritten only if the new daily file is complete and valid.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

A. Run a SQL query in Amazon Athena to read the CSV file and drop missing rows. Copy the corrected CSV file to the second S3 bucket.
B. Configure the AWS Glue ETL pipeline to use AWS Glue Data Quality rules. Develop rules in Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) to check for missing values in required files and empty files.
C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to check the file for missing data and to fill in missing values in required fields.
D. Use AWS Glue Studio to change the code in the ETL pipeline to fill in any missing values in the required fields with the most common values for each field.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company runs a daily AWS Glue ETL pipeline to clean and transform files received in an S3 bucket.
If a file is incomplete or empty, the previous day's file should be retained.
Need a solution to validate files before overwriting the existing file.
Key Considerations:
Automate data validation with minimal human intervention.
Use built-in AWS Glue capabilities for ease of integration.
Ensure robust validation for missing or incomplete data.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Lambda Function for Validation
Lambda can validate files, but it would require custom code.
Does not leverage AWS Glue's built-in features, adding operational complexity.
Option B: AWS Glue Data Quality Rules
AWS Glue Data Quality allows defining Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) rules.
Rules can validate if required fields are missing or if the file is empty.
Automatically integrates into the existing ETL pipeline.
If validation fails, retain the previous day's file.
Option C: AWS Glue Studio with Filling Missing Values
Modifying ETL code to fill missing values with most common values risks introducing inaccuracies.
Does not handle empty files effectively.
Option D: Athena Query for Validation
Athena can drop rows with missing values, but this is a post-hoc solution.
Requires manual intervention to copy the corrected file to S3, increasing complexity.
Final Recommendation:
Use AWS Glue Data Quality to define validation rules in DQDL for identifying missing or incomplete data.
This solution integrates seamlessly with the ETL pipeline and minimizes manual effort.
Implementation Steps:
Enable AWS Glue Data Quality in the existing ETL pipeline.
Define DQDL Rules, such as:
Check if a file is empty.
Verify required fields are present and non-null.
Configure the pipeline to proceed with overwriting only if the file passes validation.
In case of failure, retain the previous day's file.
Reference:
AWS Glue Data Quality Overview
Defining DQDL Rules
AWS Glue Studio Documentation

NEW QUESTION # 38
A company receives a daily file that contains customer data in .xls format. The company stores the file in Amazon S3. The daily file is approximately 2 GB in size.
A data engineer concatenates the column in the file that contains customer first names and the column that contains customer last names. The data engineer needs to determine the number of distinct customers in the file.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?

A. Use AWS Glue DataBrew to create a recipe that uses the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to calculate the number of distinct customers.
B. Create and run an Apache Spark job in Amazon EMR Serverless to calculate the number of distinct customers.
C. Create and run an Apache Spark job in an AWS Glue notebook. Configure the job to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
D. Create an AWS Glue crawler to create an AWS Glue Data Catalog of the S3 file. Run SQL queries from Amazon Athena to calculate the number of distinct customers.

Answer: A

Explanation:
AWS Glue DataBrew is a visual data preparation tool that allows you to clean, normalize, and transform data without writing code. You can use DataBrew to create recipes that define the steps to apply to your data, such as filtering, renaming, splitting, or aggregating columns. You can also use DataBrew to run jobs that execute the recipes on your data sources, such as Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, or Amazon Aurora. DataBrew integrates with AWS Glue Data Catalog, which is a centralized metadata repository for your data assets1.
The solution that meets the requirement with the least operational effort is to use AWS Glue DataBrew to create a recipe that uses the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to calculate the number of distinct customers. This solution has the following advantages:
It does not require you to write any code, as DataBrew provides a graphical user interface that lets you explore, transform, and visualize your data. You can use DataBrewto concatenate the columns that contain customer first names and last names, and then use the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to count the number of unique values in the resulting column2.
It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers, clusters, or notebooks, as DataBrew is a fully managed service that handles all the infrastructure for you. DataBrew can automatically scale up or down the compute resources based on the size and complexity of your data and recipes1.
It does not require you to create or update any AWS Glue Data Catalog entries, as DataBrew can automatically create and register the data sources and targets in the Data Catalog. DataBrew can also use the existing Data Catalog entries to access the data in S3 or other sources3.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests creating and running an Apache Spark job in an AWS Glue notebook. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to write code, as AWS Glue notebooks are interactive development environments that allow you to write, test, and debug Apache Spark code using Python or Scala. You need to use the Spark SQL or the Spark DataFrame API to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
It requires you to provision and manage a development endpoint, which is a serverless Apache Spark environment that you can connect to your notebook. You need to specify the type and number of workers for your development endpoint, and monitor its status and metrics.
It requires you to create or update the AWS Glue Data Catalog entries for the S3 file, either manually or using a crawler. You need to use the Data Catalog as a metadata store for your Spark job, and specify the database and table names in your code.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests creating an AWS Glue crawler to create an AWS Glue Data Catalog of the S3 file, and running SQL queries from Amazon Athena to calculate the number of distinct customers.
This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to create and run a crawler, which is a program that connects to your data store, progresses through a prioritized list of classifiers to determine the schema for your data, and then creates metadata tables in the Data Catalog. You need to specify the data store, the IAM role, the schedule, and the output database for your crawler.
It requires you to write SQL queries, as Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in S3 using standard SQL. You need to use Athena to concatenate the columns that contain customer first names and last names, and then use the COUNT(DISTINCT) aggregate function to count the number of unique values in the resulting column.
Option C is incorrect because it suggests creating and running an Apache Spark job in Amazon EMR Serverless to calculate the number of distinct customers. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to write code, as Amazon EMR Serverless is a service that allows you to run Apache Spark jobs on AWS without provisioning or managing any infrastructure. You need to use the Spark SQL or the Spark DataFrame API to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
It requires you to create and manage an Amazon EMR Serverless cluster, which is a fully managed and scalable Spark environment that runs on AWS Fargate. You need to specify the cluster name, the IAM role, the VPC, and the subnet for your cluster, and monitor its status and metrics.
It requires you to create or update the AWS Glue Data Catalog entries for the S3 file, either manually or using a crawler. You need to use the Data Catalog as a metadata store for your Spark job, and specify the database and table names in your code.
References:
1: AWS Glue DataBrew - Features
2: Working with recipes - AWS Glue DataBrew
3: Working with data sources and data targets - AWS Glue DataBrew
[4]: AWS Glue notebooks - AWS Glue
[5]: Development endpoints - AWS Glue
[6]: Populating the AWS Glue Data Catalog - AWS Glue
[7]: Crawlers - AWS Glue
[8]: Amazon Athena - Features
[9]: Amazon EMR Serverless - Features
[10]: Creating an Amazon EMR Serverless cluster - Amazon EMR
[11]: Using the AWS Glue Data Catalog with Amazon EMR Serverless - Amazon EMR

NEW QUESTION # 39
A company has a production AWS account that runs company workloads. The company's security team created a security AWS account to store and analyze security logs from the production AWS account. The security logs in the production AWS account are stored in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
The company needs to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the production AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the security AWS account.
B. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the security AWS account.
C. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the production AWS account.
D. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the security AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the production AWS account.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze real-time streaming data. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data from various sources, such as Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and deliver it to different destinations, such as Amazon S3 or Amazon Redshift. To use Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs from the production AWS account to the security AWS account, you need to create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. This data stream will receive the log data from the CloudWatch Logs service in the production AWS account. To enable this cross-account data delivery, you need to create an IAM role and a trust policy in the security AWS account. The IAM role defines the permissions that the CloudWatch Logs service needs to put data into the destination data stream. The trust policy allows the production AWS account to assume the IAM role. Finally, you need to create a subscription filter in the production AWS account. A subscription filter defines the pattern to match log events and the destination to send the matching events. In this case, the destination is the destination data stream in the security AWS account. This solution meets the requirements of using Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account. The other options are either not possible or not optimal. You cannot create a destination data stream in the production AWS account, as this would not deliver the data to the security AWS account. You cannot create a subscription filter in the security AWS account, as this would not capture the log events from the production AWS account. References:
Using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with Amazon CloudWatch Logs
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.3: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

NEW QUESTION # 40
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